Introduction

When performing work, how tasks and duties are allocated and defined is important. This chapter discusses job assignments, job documentation, job design typologies, office layout, and other aspects, including an international comparison. Regarding performance evaluation, this paper examines the concept of performance evaluation and an international comparison of performance evaluation systems. Regarding careers, this chapter focuses on the definition and content of careers, specialist and generalist career development, international comparisons of career development, and international comparisons of skills and proficiency development. Regarding education and training, this chapter explains education and training systems such as on-the job training (OJT) and off-the-job training (Off-JT), as well as examples of education and training systems in Australia, Germany, and Southeast Asia. Finally, the author offers recommendations for future career and education and training strategies for Japanese companies.