Abstract

The emergence of blockchain technology has promised to revolutionize various sectors, elec-tronic voting (e-voting) being a significant area of interest [1-4]. The core tenets of block-chain—decentralization, immutability, and transparency—offer the potential to create e-voting systems that are more secure, trustworthy, and resistant to fraud than traditional or other electronic voting methods. However, the successful implementation and widespread adoption of blockchain-based e-voting systems hinge on more than just their security features. For these systems to be truly democratic and effective, they must be usable and accessible to all eligible citizens. This paper delves into the usability and accessibility in the context of blockchain e-voting systems. While the papers extensively cover the security and privacy aspects, they also shed light on the often-overlooked but critical factors of how real users interact with these complex systems. This deep dive will explore the definitions, challenges, current state (e.g., the Moscow internet voting experiment detailed in and future directions of usability and acces-sibility, as detailed in the provided literature (e.g., academic prototypes in), to paint a com-plete picture of this vital aspect of e-voting technology [2,5,4]. This survey also leverages in-sights from comprehensive reviews of blockchain-based e-voting systems and studies on secu-rity and privacy in smart city e-voting applications [1,3,6].